Galleria mellonella as a Novel In Vivo Model to Screen Natural Product-Derived Modulators of Innate Immunity

Immunomodulators are drugs that either stimulate or suppress the immune system in response to an immunopathological disease cancer. The majority of clinically approved immunomodulators chemically synthesised (e.g., dexamethasone) protein-based monoclonal antibodies), whose uses limited due toxicity issues, poor bioavailability, prohibitive cost. Nature is excellent source novel compounds, as it estimated almost half all licenced medicines derived from nature inspired by natural product (NP) structures. clinical success fungal-derived immunosuppressant cyclosporin A demonstrates potential products immunomodulators. Conventionally, screening NP molecules for immunomodulation performed small animal models; however, there a growing impetus replace models with more ethical alternatives. One approach use Galleria melonella larvae vivo model immunity. Despite lacking adaptive antigen-specific immunity, this insect possesses innate comparable mammals. In review, we will describe studies have used alternative assess immunomodulating activity synthetic and NP-derived outline array bioassays employed, suggest strategies enhance future research.